| Citation | Yuen GJ, Ausubel FM. Both live and dead Enterococci activate Caenorhabditis elegans host defense via immune and stress pathways. Virulence, 2018. |
| PubMed ID | 29436902 |
| Short Description | Both live and dead Enterococci activate Caenorhabditis elegans host defense via immune and stress pathways. GEO Record: GSE95636 Platform: GPL200 Download gene-centric, log2 transformed data: WBPaper00053688.ce.mr.csv |
| # of Conditions | 13 |
Full Description
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The innate immune response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been extensively studied and a variety of Toll-independent immune response pathways have been identified. Surprisingly little, however, is known about how pathogens activate the C. elegans immune response. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are closely related enterococcal species that exhibit significantly different levels of virulence in C. elegans infection models. Previous work has shown that activation of the C. elegans immune response by Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves P. aeruginosa-mediated host damage. Through ultrastructural imaging, we report that infection with either E. faecalis or E. faecium causes the worm intestine to become distended with proliferating bacteria in the absence of extensive morphological changes and apparent physical damage. Genetic analysis, whole-genome transcriptional profiling, and multiplexed gene expression analysis demonstrate that both enterococcal species, whether live or dead, induce a rapid and similar transcriptional defense response dependent upon previously described immune signaling pathways. The host response to E. faecium shows a stricter dependence upon stress response signaling pathways than the response to E. faecalis. Unexpectedly, we find that E. faecium is a C. elegans pathogen and that an active wild-type host defense response is required to keep an E. faecium infection at bay. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the C. elegans immune response to pathogen infection. Experimental Details: WBPaper00053688:fed_heat-killed-E.coli_rep1 WBPaper00053688:fed_heat-killed-E.coli_rep2 WBPaper00053688:fed_B.subtilis_rep1 WBPaper00053688:fed_B.subtilis_rep2 WBPaper00053688:fed_B.subtilis_rep3 WBPaper00053688:infected_E.faecalis_rep1 WBPaper00053688:infected_E.faecalis_rep2 WBPaper00053688:infected_E.faecalis_rep3 WBPaper00053688:infected_E.faecium_rep1 WBPaper00053688:infected_E.faecium_rep2 WBPaper00053688:infected_E.faecium_rep3 WBPaper00053688:fed_heat-killed-E.coli_rep3 WBPaper00053688:fed_heat-killed-E.coli_rep4. |
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